Suchergebnisse

Résumé Cet article propose de suivre une partie de la littérature récente dans le domaine des cultural studies et des media studies qui analyse les mutations des formes de la participation grâce à l'utilisation d'Internet et des nouvelles fonctionnalités autorisées par le web 2.0. La notion de participation est abordée dans ce cadre comme une composante essentielle de la « culture numérique » qui se dessine à mesure que les pratiques de production et d'échange de contenus en ligne s'affirment et se diversifient. Cette forme de culture participative interroge les frontières traditionnelles de la participation politique en dépassant les formes classiques de l'engagement militant et citoyen pour se pencher sur d'autres formes de la prise de parole politique. Ainsi replacée dans un contexte sociotechnique et médiatique plus large, la notion de participation politique invite à reconsidérer certains des constats pessimistes sur l'engagement politique des citoyens.

Résumé À partir d'une étude de cas portant sur le débat public sur le troisième aéroport parisien (débat DUCSAI), cet article veut mettre en évidence les apports d'une procédure mixte (avec deux versants on et off-line ). Elle autorise le déploiement de formes alternatives d'expression et d'argumentation de la part des participants dont la créativité s'exprime par des phénomènes d'appropriation de la procédure, et ce malgré sa dimension contraignante. Les effets conjugués de cette mixité et de l'expression créative permettent de contourner, au moins partiellement, certains effets d'imposition symbolique et de pré-configuration du débat par les « autorités légitimes » habituellement entendues dans ce type de dispositif. En particulier, l'introduction des nouvelles technologies dans le débat public constitue une ressource essentielle dans l'expression de la « différence » dans le sens que lui confère I. M. Young, et vient enrichir le processus délibératif.

This article explores the DUCSAI debate case study, i.e. the French public debate about the location of the 3rd international Parisian airport. We show that the added value of mixed deliberative procedures (with both an on- & off-line dimensions) rests in that it has widened both the participant's profile, the nature of their argumentation & their means of expression. The extension of participation modalities has empowered the actors by giving them the opportunity to master the technical constraints of the debate & by allowing them to reframe it according to their own preferences. The use of ICT in the context of a mixed deliberative procedure can therefore become a central resource for an expression of "difference" as I. M. Young uses this concept. Appendixes. Adapted from the source document.

La recherche académique sur la participation en ligne a longtemps souffert d'un tropisme techniciste, qu'il soit utopiste ou critique : il s'agissait alors de saisir ce que la technologie « fait » au politique. Or les pratiques potentiellement qualifiées de « politiques » en ligne se sont diversifiées et multipliées, alors même que d'autres champs disciplinaires se saisissant de ces objets contribuaient à en opacifier les contours. Les tentatives récentes de clarifier les controverses sur les frontières de la participation en ligne illustrent la nécessité d'une production conceptuelle nouvelle, susceptible d'appréhender la spécificité des pratiques qui inventent leurs publics comme de nouvelles formes d'expression et de collaboration. Tel est l'objet de ce dossier.

AbstractSince the early 2000s, the European Commission has put online e‐participation and e‐government platforms related to various institutional strategies. These participative mechanisms, which are both policy instruments and communication tools for the Commission, are used by activists as political opportunities to make their voices heard by the European institutions. In this paper, we describe how these activists use Web technical resources, and foremost hyperlinks, to mobilize individuals and run online collective actions in order to make their causes public on European scenes. We show that hyperlinks can be considered as aggregative mechanisms which allow individuals to gather around a common project, and that these mobilization practices lead to the constitution of strategic public spheres on the Web.

The empirical turn in deliberative democracy has recently generated a considerable amount of academic work. Scholars have tried to operationalize the theoretical dimensions of deliberative democracy into robust criteria in order to evaluate the quality of public discussion. Too few though have systematically compared on and off-line deliberation to analyze the link between the technological formats deployed in a deliberative procedure and the quality of the discussion. This is what this paper is aiming to do through a French case study of a national public debate. Drawing from a revised version of the Discourse Quality Index, we propose a coding scheme for quality analysis which rests on an enlarged definition of deliberation. Our results suggest an obvious link between the nature of the deliberation, its quality and the technological frame of the arrangement: some technical environments seem to be more suitable to deliberation than others.

The empirical turn in deliberative democracy has recently generated a considerable amount of academic work. Scholars have tried to operationalize the theoretical dimensions of deliberative democracy into robust criteria in order to evaluate the quality of public discussion. Too few though have systematically compared on and off-line deliberation to analyze the link between the technological formats deployed in a deliberative procedure and the quality of the discussion. This is what this paper is aiming to do through a French case study of a national public debate. Drawing from a revised version of the Discourse Quality Index, we propose a coding scheme for quality analysis which rests on an enlarged definition of deliberation. Our results suggest an obvious link between the nature of the deliberation, its quality and the technological frame of the arrangement: some technical environments seem to be more suitable to deliberation than others.

The empirical turn in deliberative democracy has recently generated a considerable amount of academic work. Scholars have tried to operationalize the theoretical dimensions of deliberative democracy into robust criteria in order to evaluate the quality of public discussion. Too few though have systematically compared on and off-line deliberation to analyze the link between the technological formats deployed in a deliberative procedure and the quality of the discussion. This is what this paper is aiming to do through a French case study of a national public debate. Drawing from a revised version of the Discourse Quality Index, we propose a coding scheme for quality analysis which rests on an enlarged definition of deliberation. Our results suggest an obvious link between the nature of the deliberation, its quality and the technological frame of the arrangement: some technical environments seem to be more suitable to deliberation than others.